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Cold Pressed |
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Textured surface produced by pressing the paper through unheated rollers. |
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Cold Spot Carbonizing Ink |
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Material coated on the back of forms selectively. It's an ink, which can be applied cold to normal printing equipment. |
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Cold-Set Inks |
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Inks that are in solid state but melt in the hot press and solidify when they come in contact with paper. |
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Collate |
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To gather sheets or signatures together in their correct order. |
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Collected Household Paper |
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Waste paper collected from households. |
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Collotype Paper |
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A printing paper, which is durable enough to withstand excess moisture from the collotype printing process. |
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Color Fastness |
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Capacity of dyed paper to retain its original color or to resist fading under influence of heat and light. |
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Color Lump |
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Impressed mark on paper caused by a defect, which appears on calender rolls. |
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Color Match |
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Color quality when there is no significant difference in color hue between two samples when viewed under standard illumination. |
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Color Progression |
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The order in which different color inks are laid down on the paper. |
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Color Separation |
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Process of separating each of the three primary colors by optically filtering the image. |
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Color Strength |
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A term referring to the relative amount of pigmentation in an ink. |
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Colorimetry |
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Using Colorimeter, a given solid color may be quantified by analyzing physical color data. |
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Combination Board |
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Cylinder-made, multi-layered paperboard with layers from different pulps. |
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Combined Deinking |
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Deinking process combining flotation and washing processes. |
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Commercial Match |
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Manufacturing a paper to meet the specifications of a sample of paper provided to the manufacturer. |
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Commercial Register |
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Color registration measured within plus or minus one row of dots. |
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Commodity Papers |
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A generic term used to classify average quality paper grades (such as bond and offset) produced in high volume on big paper machines. |
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Communication Papers |
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A term used to describe paper grades (such as bond, writing and xerographic) used by printers and publishers in production of books, magazines, newspapers, etc. |
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Compressibility |
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Compressibility describes a paper's capacity to be squeezed (upon flat surfaces) and returned to its prior state. It is an important property of paper when stacks of paper are placed under compression. It is also known as Cushion. |
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Computer Output Paper |
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A grade of writing paper with strength and good printing surface. It's also known as "form bond”. |
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Conditioned Paper |
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Paper which has been treated in the mill by exposure to hot, moist air to increase the moisture content of the paper for achieving achieve an optimum flatness and stability. |
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Conditioning |
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Allowing paper adjust to the surrounding atmosphere until its moisture content is equal to atmospheric moisture content. This process provides for optimum performance on printing presses. |
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Coniferous |
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Trees, which are usually evergreen and classified as softwood, such as pines and firs. |
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Consistency |
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Dry solids content (%) of pulp present in a pulp slurry |
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Construction Paper |
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A grade paper manufactured in a wide range of colors. This high grammage paper is most often used in elementary schools for cutouts and other artwork. |
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Contact Print |
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A print made from contact of a sensitive surface to a negative or positive photograph. |
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Containerboard |
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Corrugated board used to make boxes and other containers for shipping materials. |
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Contaminant |
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Any material that reduces the quality of paper for recycling or makes it unrecyclable. Contaminants include metal, stickies, foil, glass, plastic, food, hazardous waste, and synthetic fabrics. |
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Continuous Cooking |
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A method in Kraft pulping in which raw material is continuously fed into a continuous digester at one end and the pulp and black liquor are removed from the other end of the digester. |
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Contraries |
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Contraries are unwanted pieces of materials present in a sheet of paper. |
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Conversion Coating |
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Off-machine coating is sometimes referred to as conversion coating. |
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Converter |
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A company that converts paper from its original form to usable products such as adding machine rolls, coated papers, and envelopes etc. |
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Converting |
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The converting process changes the big rolls of papers into useable paper products. Through rewinding, cutting, creping, embossing, printing, coating and other process, the sheet is transformed into napkins, facial tissue, packaging, etc. |
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Converting Paper |
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Paper converted from its original state into a new product such as adding machine rolls, coated papers, envelopes, notebooks etc. |
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Cooking |
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A process of treating raw material with chemicals under pressure and heat to produce pulp from which the paper is made. |
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Cooking Liquor |
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A chemical solution used to cook wood chips during the pulping process. |
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Copier/Laser Paper |
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A grade of low grammage, good quality, and dimensionally stable paper used in photocopying. |
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Copying Paper |
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Copying paper is an uncoated woodfree or a mechanical grade white or colored paper usually available in A4 and A3 size. |
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Cord |
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Volume measurement of pulpwood indicating a pile measuring 4 ft. x 4 ft. x 8 ft., equaling 128 ft. |
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Core |
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The tube, usually of paperboard, on which the paper is wound. |
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Core Cards |
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A record of specifications included by the manufacturer in each shipment of paper. |
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Core Damage (Core burn out) |
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Mechanical damage to the ends of a core, which has resulted from the core chucks tearing into the core ends. |
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Core Damage (Crushed Core) |
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A compressed core that is no longer round. |
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Core Plug |
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Thick disc placed inside a core to prevent core from being crushed during handling. |
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Core Slippage |
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Displacement of the core from its intended position relative to the rolled paper. |
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Core Waste |
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Core waste is the paper left on a roll after most of the paper has been used. |
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Coreboard |
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Board manufactured from recovered papers to produce paper cores. |
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Corewood |
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Wood located in the centre of the trunk and often darker in color than the surrounding wood |
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Corner Marks |
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Marks on a final printed sheet that indicates the trim lines or register. |
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Corner Stub |
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Used primarily on continuous forms to assist in manual carbon extraction when the form has been burst. |
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Correspondence Envelope |
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A flat case, rectangular in shape and made from one sheet of paper. The sheet is folded to provide a plain front and back consisting of four overlapping flaps. |
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Correspondence Papers |
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Refers to writing papers with attractive finish. |
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Corrugated Board |
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Corrugated board is manufactured by gluing two flat layers of paper (liner) with a rippled layer of corrugating medium (fluting) in the middle. |
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Corrugated Board – Double Wall |
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The structure formed by three flat facings and two intermediate corrugated medium. |
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Corrugated Board – Single Face |
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The structure formed by one corrugated member glued to one flat facing. |
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Corrugated Board – Single Wall |
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The structure formed by one corrugated inner member glued between two flat facings. It's also known as Double Face. |
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Corrugated Cardboard |
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Layers of paper glued together with a ruffled or grooved inner liner. This is the material, which makes corrugated cardboard boxes. |
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Corrugated Fiberboard |
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Consists of one or more sheets of fluted paper stuck to a flat sheet(s) of paper. |
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Corrugating Medium |
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Paperboard made from chemical and semi-chemical pulp, or waste paper, that is converted to a corrugated board by passing it through corrugating cylinders. |
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Corrugator (Corrugating Machine) |
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A machine that is fed the webs of corrugating medium and linerboard and flutes the medium and pastes the liner to make corrugated products. |
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Cotton |
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Cotton is the purest form of cellulose produced in nature and it requires the least amount of processing before it can be used. Cotton fibers are strong and flexible and suitable for producing fine papers. |
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Cotton Content Paper |
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Papers utilizing cotton fabrics and cotton linters as a raw material. |
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Cotton Linters |
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Short cotton fibers remaining on cotton seed after the ginning process. Cotton linters are used as raw material to produce pulp for papers. |
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Couch Marks |
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Defects or shadows appearing in a regular pattern on paper. Couch marks are caused by the irregular removal of water on the wet-end of the paper machine. |
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Couch Roll |
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A vacuum roll under the forming fabric. Holes in the couch roll suck out water from the stock and a felt usually picks the wet sheet off the fabric . |
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Coucher |
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A person who transfers the newly-formed sheets of paper from hand moulds to felt blankets. |
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Cover Paper |
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A term applied to a grade of paper used for covers of brochures and catalogues etc. |
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Crack |
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A fissure in the paper caused by break in the coating surface during the converting processes such as printing. |
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Crackle |
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The noise produced from a sheet of paper when it is shaken. |
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Crash Finish |
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Paper embossed at the mill to resemble coarse linen. |
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Crash Perforation |
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Perforation cut through plies of a collated set of business forms. It's normally done on a collator. |
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Crayon Paper |
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Paper used for crayons or watercolor. Crayon paper is a heavy board with a glazed surface on one side and rough finish on the other. |
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Crease |
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An impression or crease in corrugated or solid fiberboard is used to locate and facilitate folding. |
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Crepe Paper |
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A high elasticity paper produced by crowding the web sheet over a roll with a doctor blade. |
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Crimping |
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Creasing the bindery edges of ledger sheets to help them open more freely. |
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Crocking |
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Rubbing off the dye from the surface of a paper. |
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Cropping |
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Trimming original photographs to smaller size. |
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Cross |
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A T-shaped wooden tool used to remove paper from ropes in a drying loft. |
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Cross Direction (CD) |
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Direction at right angle to the flow on a paper machine. It's also known as the direction across the grain. Paper is weaker and more sensitive to changes in relative humidity in the cross direction than the grain or machine direction. |
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Cross Grain Fold |
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A fold at a right angle to the direction of the grain (or the machine direction) in the paper. |
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Cross Perforations |
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In continuous forms, perforations cutting at right angles to the web direction. |
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Crushed Roll |
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Defective roll as a result of stacking rolls on end in an excessively high pile, which causes the lower ends of the lower rolls to fail in the axial direction. |
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Crystallography |
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This is a science of analyzing crystalline structure of materials. In the paper industry, it usually refers to the study of cellulose. A high crystalline structure means less swelling of the fibers. |
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CTMP |
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Chemi-Thermo Mechanical Pulping is a pressurized refining process, which is preceded by the addition of sulphite. Bleached CTMP pulp is known as BCTMP. |
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Cupstock |
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Plastic-coated board for paper cup production, suitable for cold or hot beverages. |
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Curl |
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Deformation of a sheet of paper into the form of a cylinder. It is usually caused by nonuniform distribution of strains and stresses throughout the paper sheet as a result of uneven internal moisture and conditioning. |
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Cut |
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Rupture of sheet in a defined region, not extending to tear the sheet into two pieces. |
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Cut-Off |
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A term used in web press printing to describe the point at which a sheet of paper is cut from the roll. |
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Cut-Size |
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Fine paper cut to specific end-use dimensions on a guillotine or rotary type paper trimmer. Usually it refers to business or writing papers that have been cut to dimensions of 8-1/2 x 11 and 8-1/2 x 14 or 11 x 17 inches. |
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Cutter |
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A machine (a cross cutter or square cutter) that cuts rolls of paper into sheets for further trimming to finished basic size. |
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Cutter Broke |
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Waste and trimmed paper edges from the cutting operation. This broke is reused as pulp for manufacturing paper. |
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Cutter Dust |
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Cutter dust to small particles of fiber and paper dust that result from the cutting operation. The dust adheres to the edges of paper and can work itself into the pile of paper and onto the paper surface to cause trouble during its printing. |
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Cut-to-register |
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A term used for watermark papers to indicate that the paper has been cut to allow the watermark to appear in a predetermined position on the finished sheet. |
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Cyan |
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One of the subtractive primary colors, the hue of which is used for cyan process ink, one of the four-color process inks. Cyan reflects blue and green light and absorbs red light. |
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Cylinder |
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A term usually applied to different types of rolls or drums on a paper machine such as dryers. |
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Cylinder Board |
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Paperboard made on a cylinder machine. |
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Cylinder Dried |
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Describes the paper, which is dried by passing it against the heated iron rolls. |
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Cylinder Gap |
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The gap in the cylinders of a press where the grippers or blanket clamps is housed. In printing, space between the ends of a plate wrapped around the press cylinders. |
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Cylinder Machine |
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The type of paper machine that makes paper by partially immersing rotating cylinders in vats of pulp stock. Paper is formed as the cylinder turns and water drains from it. |
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Cylindrical Casting |
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Stereotyped cast into a curved mat to produce a casting suitable for use on a rotary press. |
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CYMK |
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Colors used in printing to reproduce color photos. The colors are Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black (or Key Color). |