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Dirt |
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Foreign material, which has a color in contrast to that of the paper. An instrument, The Papric Counter, is used in laboratories to identify dirt specks. |
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Disc Refiner |
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A machine, which uses rotating discs or plates for refining pulp during the stock preparation process. |
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Dished |
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A pile or stack of paper lying concave rather than flat. |
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Disperging |
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Disperging is used in the treatment of recycled fibers. It reduces impurities in recycled paper to such a small size that they are no longer detrimental to paper quality. |
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Dispersion |
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The separation of a substance into the smallest possible particles using another substance (the medium). Used in papermaking to homogenize pulp properties and remove impurities. |
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Display Board |
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Paperboard used for display advertising. |
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Display Type |
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Any type that stands out from the rest of the type on a page, which attracts attention of the reader. |
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Dissolving Pulp |
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A high-purity chemical pulp of special quality. It has a high alpha-cellulose content (usually 90% or more). Dissolving pulp is used for producing acetate and viscose fibers. |
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Distribution Rollers |
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In the printing process, the rubber coated rollers responsible for the distribution of ink from the fountain to the ink drum. |
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Distributor |
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A company, which purchases paper from a paper mill for resale to end-users. |
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Doctor |
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A blade-like device, which scrapes off excess liquid or fibers off a roller to help maintain a smooth surface. |
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Doctor Blade |
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1. In papermaking, a device that cleans the surface of paper machine rolls.2. A term in gravure printing which refers to the knife-edge that runs along the printing cylinder. Its function is to wipe the excess ink away from the non-printing areas. |
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Document Paper |
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Document paper has a high ageing resistance. It is usually made from chemical pulp and may also contain rags. |
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Dog Ear |
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A small fold that occurs on the corner of the paper during the papermaking or converting process. |
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Dot Gain |
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A printing problem where dots print larger than desired, creating darker tones, or color imbalances. |
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Dot Matrix Printing |
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Impact printing where each character is made up of a pattern of dots synchronized by computer control. During printing the print head strikes against a ribbon to print on the paper surface. |
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Dots Per Inch (DPI) |
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A reference for the resolution of a printed or screened image. Higher numbers mean higher resolution or more dots composing an image. |
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Double Calendered |
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A type of paper passed through two calenders. |
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Double Cap |
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Trade term for size 17" x 28" available in business papers. |
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Double Coated |
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A sheet that has been coated twice on the same side. Not to be confused with a paper sheet coated on both sides. |
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Double Deckle |
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Machine-made papers having a deckle edge on two edges of the sheet. |
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Double Fold |
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Resistance of paper to repeated folding/unfolding. Folding endurance is important for currency, blue print, record papers, ledger, map etc where resistance against repeated folding/unfolding is required. |
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Double Imprint Unit |
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Two sets of printing cylinders that permit imprint to be altered as press continues to run at full speed. |
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Double Sizing |
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The process of applying size a second time after first sizing has been dried. |
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Double Wall Corrugated Board |
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A type of corrugated board, which has two layers of fluting and three facings. |
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Doubling |
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The unintentional printing of two images slightly out of register. |
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Downtime |
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When a paper machine is stopped for repairs, it is referred as 'down'. Downtime can occur due to mechanical failure, change of grades in production etc. |
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Drain |
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Volume of wood removed from the forest in a given time. |
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Drainage |
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Removal of water at the paper machine wet-end while the paper sheet is consolidating. |
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Drainage Foils |
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Drainage foils are tapered foils placed under the wire at a slight angle so that when the wire runs over them at high speeds, suction is created and the water from the wet stock is separated efficiently. |
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Draw-Down |
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A method used by ink makers to determine the color, quality, and tone of ink. The method involves an application of a thin film of ink using a spatula or blade to measure the ink's color shade and characteristics. |
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Drawing Paper |
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A good quality, dull-finished paper strong enough to take erasures. They have a low opacity and wash-fast. |
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Drier |
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A term that describes additives to ink which speed up the drying process. |
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Drill |
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The actual drilling of holes into paper for ring or comb binding. |
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Drop Out |
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In printing, halftone with no screen dots in the highlights or background. |
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Drumhead Manila |
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A type of rope papers. Usually available in 24" x 36" size. |
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Dry Coating |
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A coating method in which a binder is applied to the paper surface followed by dry coating pigment. |
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Dry Creping |
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Creping of a paper web when it's dry. |
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Dry Cylinder Machine |
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In a dry cylinder machine, pulp is poured onto the surface of the cylinder and the water drains away through the cover on the cylinder. |
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Dry Finish |
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Paper and paperboard get a dry finish when calendered without the use of water. |
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Dry Offset |
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A method of printing from a relief plate without the use of any fountain solution. |
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Dry Solids |
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Dry solids is defined as the mass of dried sample as a percentage of the mass of original sample. |
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Dry Strength |
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Mechanical strength of a dry sheet of paper indicated by its mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tearing resistance, and folding endurance. |
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Dry-end |
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The part of a paper making machine where the paper passes through steam-heated drying cylinders. The dry end can also consist of calenders, cutters, slitter, and reels. |
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Dryers |
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A series of large cylindrical steam-heated rolls that dry the paper web. |
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Drying Loft |
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A large airy room in which sheets of handmade paper are hung or laid to dry. |
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Dual Distributor, Dual House, or Dual Merchant |
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A paper distribution firm, which deals in fine and industrial papers. |
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Ductor Roller |
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The roller between the inking and the dampening rollers. |
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Dull Coated |
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Paper is said to be dull coated when it registers a gloss test reading of less than 55%. Characteristically, dull coated or finished paper has a smooth surface and is low in gloss. Dull coated paper is also known as dull finish paper. |
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Dull Finish |
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Paper is said to be dull coated or matte finish when it registers a gloss test reading of less than 55%. Dull coated papers have a smooth surface a low gloss. Dull coated paper is also known as dull finish paper. |
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Dummy |
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A page or a set of pages assembled in the exact position, form and style desired for the finished piece of printed work. Used as a model or sample for the printer. |
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Duotone |
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A two-color halftone reproduction generated from a one-color photo. |
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Duplex Board |
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Duplex board used for packaging purposes consists of two layers, mostly made from waste paper pulp. |
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Duplex Coating |
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The process of coating both sides of a paper sheet at the same time. |
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Duplex Cutting |
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The process of converting a web of paper into sheets on a cutting machine so that two different lengths of sheet can be cut at the same time. |
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Duplex Paper |
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Paper which has a different color or finish on each side. |
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Duplex Paper/Board |
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Paper or paperboard consisting of two layers of different furnishes composition. |
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Duplexed |
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When paper is printed on both sides of the sheet. |
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Duplicating Stencil Paper |
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A thin, strong, lightweight paper made from long-fibred stock, suitably impregnated or coated such as with oil. This paper is used for preparation of Stencil. |
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Duplicator |
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A machine for making copies with the aid of a specially prepared duplicating master. |
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Durability |
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The degree to which paper retains its original qualities. |
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Dust |
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Small particles of paper, fibers, or coating materials may arise at calendering, slitting, and sheet trimming. |
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Dutch |
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Any deckle edged paper, originally produced in the Netherlands. |
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Dye Based Ink |
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Any ink that acquires its color by the use of aniline pigments or dyes. |