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Slushing |
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A process of dispersion of fibrous raw materials in water by agitation. |
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Smoothing Press |
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Press rolls used to smoothen the paper web before it reaches the driers. |
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Smoothness |
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A property of paper that describes the flatness and evenness of a sheet's surface. Smoothness is achieved by calendering or supercalendering. A higher calendering might give reduced brightness and poor opacity. Smoother paper gives a better print reproduction. |
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Smudge Factor |
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Susceptibility of an image to abrasion or rubbing. |
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Soda Pulping |
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A pulping process in which the wood chips are given alkaline treatment with to produce pulp by digesting the fibers under pressure with a solution of caustic soda (NaOH). |
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Soda Pulp |
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A type of chemical pulp in which wood chips are digested in a hot alkaline solution of caustic soda (NaOH). |
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Soft Fold |
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A method of preparing large sheets of paper for packing. |
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Soft Mixed Paper |
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Refers to magazines and newspapers or papers with shorter fibers. Paperboard packaging may also be present in soft mixed papers. |
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Soft Roll |
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A badly or improperly wound roll. |
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Soft Spot |
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A spot along the length of a paper roll, which is soft, compared to the adjacent area on the roll. |
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Softwood |
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Coniferous trees such as pine, hemlock, and spruce, which have longer fibers than hardwood. |
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Solid Bleached Sulfate Board (SBS) |
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Paperboard made from fully bleached virgin Kraft pulp. SBS is used for packaging dry and moist food products, cigarette, and luxury goods etc. |
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Solid Board |
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A type of paperboard that is made with the same material throughout its structure. |
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Solid Chipboard |
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A type of board made on a cylinder machine entirely from recycled paper with no liner or coating. |
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Solid Fiberboard |
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Board with a gsm of over 600 with an outer ply of Kraft pulp. It is used for packaging goods. |
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Solid-lined Manila Board |
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A type of manila-colored paperboard made from wood pulp or recycled paper on a cylinder machine. Sometimes a combination of virgin pulp and recycled paper is also used. |
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Sorted Office Paper |
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A mix of papers collected for recycling. It can includes writing and copy papers, computer paper, notepads, advertising booklets, letterhead and envelopes. |
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Specialty Pulp |
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A grade of chemical pulp used for purposes other than ordinary papermaking, for example in textile production. |
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Specialty Paper |
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Coated and uncoated paper produced to meet the unique needs of customers with diverse and specialized usage. Specialty paper examples include sanitary papers, labels, sack papers, wrapping papers, metallized base paper, coated bag paper, etc. |
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Specific Volume, Bulk |
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Reciprocal of paper density, also known as specific volume. |
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Specifier |
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Someone suggests the grade of paper or board to be selected for a particular use. |
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Speck |
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A small defect due to presence of foreign substance in the paper. |
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Spectrophotometer |
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An instrument that measures the relative intensity of color or difference in color. |
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Spent Liquor |
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Used cooking liquor separated from the pulp after the pulping process. It contains lignin and other substances extracted from the wood. |
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Spine |
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The backbone of a book. |
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Spinning Papers |
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Paper suitable for being spun into yarn or string. This type of papers have a high tensile strength in the machine direction. |
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Spiral Binding |
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A binding whereby a wire or plastic is spiraled through holes punched along the binding side. |
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Splice |
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A joint made in a web of paper with glue or adhesive tape when the web breaks during the winding or rewinding operation. |
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Splice Tag |
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A tag or marker indicating the location of a splice. |
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Split Coating |
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Process of simultaneously coating one side of a sheet with two different colors. |
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Spool |
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A continuous roll of paper or cardboard rolled around a mandrel. |
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Spread |
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A film image that is larger than the original image to accommodate ink trapping. Reference trapping |
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Square Sheet |
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A sheet that has equal strength and tear resistance both the directions - machine and cross. |
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Stability |
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The quality of paper to maintain its original size when subjected to atmospheric changes. |
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Stabilize |
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The matter left over after extracting sugar from sugarcane. |
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Starch |
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A white, odorless carbohydrate obtained from corn, tapioca, and potatoes that is used as a surface or internal additive to provide strength. |
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Starch Coated |
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Coated papers in which starch is used as an adhesive for the pigment. |
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Starred Rolls |
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Rolls that have damaged ends due to mishandling. |
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Static Electricity |
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The electrical charge which sometimes collect on paper, which has been improperly dried or has sustained excessive pressure in calendering. |
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Static Neutralizer |
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A device on printing presses that minimizes the static build up on paper as it passes through the press. |
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Steam Calendering or Finishing |
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A method of treating paper with steam before calendering to improve its density and surface smoothness. |
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Stencil-duplicating Paper |
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An oil-absorbent paper, which has a toothy surface. |
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Stickies |
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Water insoluble contaminants in recycled fiber such as adhesives, binders, thermal plastics, etc. |
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Stiffness |
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Resistance of paper to bending. Stiffness is a critical property for paper during the printing, converting, and filling processes. |
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Stippling |
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Stippling is a converting process that applies an embossed surface to the paper. |
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Stock |
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Stock is a suspension of water, fibers, and papermaking chemicals. |
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Stock Pump |
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A centrifugal pump used to pump water and fiber suspensions. |
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Stocking Merchant |
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A paper distributor or merchant who hold enough paper in warehouse to fill orders in the market. |
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Stone Groundwood Pulp |
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A mechanical pulping process in which wood logs are ground against a rotating grindstone. Stone groundwood pulps have low strength properties but good optical properties |
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Straw Pulp |
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Pulp made from the straws as a raw material (e.g. rice straw). |
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Strawboard |
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A type of board made from partially cooked straw or bagasse or a combination of these. |
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Strength |
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The ability of paper or board to withstand mechanical stresses. Strength of paper is measured by tests for tensile, burst, tear, and folding strength. |
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Stretch |
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Elongation of paper under tension. The elongation is expressed as a percentage of the original length when stressed at a given load. |
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Strike Through |
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The penetration of ink through paper. |
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Stripping |
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Positioning of positives and negatives on the flat before proceeding to platemaking. |
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Structural Box |
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A self-supporting box. |
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Stub Roll |
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Refers to a small diameter roll. Also used for a roll with only a small amount of paper remaining it. |
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Stuck Web |
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A condition where two layers of paper stick together because of a tacky material coming in between the layers. |
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Stuff |
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Paper stock or pulp ready for manufacture into paper. |
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Stuff Chest |
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A large supply tank with an agitator in which the stock is stored before getting pumped to the vat or machine. |
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Su |
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A flexible bamboo screen used in Japanese papermaking. |
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Substance Weight |
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Same as basis weight. It is mainly used with bond and business paper grades. Substance weight is also expressed as "sub”. |
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Substrate |
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Material such as paper or plastic, generally in sheet or web form. |
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Suction Box |
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A device on a paper machine that removes water from the paper web using vacuum. Suction boxes are located below the wire at the wet-end. |
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Suction Couch Roll |
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A revolving and perforated bronze roll passing over a suction box to extract water from the paper web. |
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Sulfate Process |
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An alkaline pulp manufacturing process, which uses caustic soda and sodium sulfite solution to cook wood chips under pressure. The sulphate process is also known as Kraft process. |
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Sulfate Pulp |
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An alkaline pulp manufactured by cooking wood chips with caustic soda and sodium sulfite solution at an elevated pressure. The sulphate pulp is also known as Kraft pulp. |
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Sulfite Pulp |
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Paper pulp made from wood chips cooked under pressure in a solution of calcium bisulfite and sulfurous acid. |
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Sulphate Board |
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A strong linerboard. Also known as Kraft board. |
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Sulphur Dioxide |
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A gas formed during the combustion of sulphur-containing fuels such as black liquor and oil. |
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Supercalender |
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An auxiliary equipment that gives paper a smooth finish and gloss by passing it through a series of alternate metal and compressed cotton rolls, revolving at a high speed. |
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Supercalendered Paper |
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A type of uncoated paper that has been highly calendered to obtain a smooth surface and high gloss than the machine-finished paper. It is used for printed advertising material, catalogues, and magazines. |
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Surface Bonding |
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Refers to resistance of surface fibers to separating or picking. |
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Surface Defect |
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A visible defect or foreign material on the surface of paper. |
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Surface Sized |
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A type of paper that has been sized when the web of paper was partially dry to increase its resistance to ink penetration. |
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Surface Strength |
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The ability of the paper surface to resist picking during the printing process. Surface strength can be measured by the wax pick test. |
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Surface Treatment |
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Treating the surface of paper or board with sizing chemicals, coating, or color. |
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Suspended Solids (SS) |
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Substances suspended in water consisting of bark, fibers, fillers, coating color, and residues from paper mill that can be separated with a filter. |
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Synthetic Papers |
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Papers made from synthetic fibers such as polyamide and polyester etc. The fibers are held together by binders. |