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| ISO Code |
Title & Abstract
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| ISO 186:2002 |
Paper and board -- Sampling to determine average quality
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Abstract: This Iinternational Standard specifies a method of obtaining a representative sample from a lot of paper or board, including solid and corrugated fibreboard (see ISO 4046:1978), for testing to determine whether or not its average quality complies with set specifications.
It defines the conditions which apply when sampling is carried out to resolve disputes between buyer and seller relating to a defined lot of paper or board, which has been or is being delivered.
NOTE If less than 50 % of the lot is available for sampling, then sampling in terms of this International Standard will be invalid in the absence of agreement to the contrary.
The method is unsuitable for determining the variability within a lot.
In cases where International Standards make reference to sampling according to this standard but where such sampling is impossible, impractical or inappropriate, and where no dispute is involved, guidance is given in normative annex A.
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| ISO 187:1990 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure for monitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples
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Abstract: Specifies the standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing pulp, paper, and board, and also the procedures for measuring the temperature and relative humidity. For the conditioning of laboratory prepared handsheets in accordance with ISO 5269-1, the standard atmosphere is that defined in this standard, but the procedure is different. Annex A covers the measurement of temperature and relative humidity. Annex B (informative) describes the interdependence of temperature and relative humidity. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (1977) which has been technically revised.
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| ISO 217:1995 |
Paper -- Untrimmed sizes -- Designation and tolerances for primary and supplementary ranges, and indication of machine direction
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Abstract: Specifies a primary range and a supplementary range of untrimmed sizes of paper in sheets which are to be trimmed to the ISO-A series of sizes given in ISO 216. Gives the method for indication of machine direction (direction of manufacture). Replaces the first edition, which has been technically revised.
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| ISO 287:1985 |
Paper and board -- Determination of moisture content -- Oven-drying method
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Abstract: Applies to all paper and board, including corrugated fibreboard and solid fibreboard, provided that the paper or board does not contain any substance, other than water, that will escape at the temperature specified for test.
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| ISO 534:2005 |
Paper and board -- Determination of thickness, density and specific volume
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Abstract: ISO 534:2005 specifies two methods for measuring the thickness of paper and board:
a) the measurement of a single sheet of paper or board, as a single sheet thickness,
b) the measurement of a pack of sheets of paper as a bulking thickness.
It also specifies the following calculation methods, from the thickness determinations:
calculation methods for the apparent sheet density and for the apparent bulk density;
calculation methods for the apparent specific sheet volume and for the apparent specific bulk volume.
It is not applicable to corrugated fibreboard, and method a) is not applicable to materials with a grammage higher than 225 g/m2.
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| ISO 535:1991 |
Paper and board -- Determination of water absorptiveness -- Cobb method
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 536:1995 |
Paper and board -- Determination of grammage
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Abstract: Specifies a method of determining the grammage of paper and board. Cancels and replaces the first edition, which has been technically revised.
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| ISO 777:2005 |
Paper, board and pulp -- Determination of acid-soluble calcium
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Abstract: ISO 777:2005 specifies the procedure for the determination of acid-soluble calcium by atomic absorption spectrometry or by plasma emission spectrometry.
It is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulp.
It specifies a method to determine the acid-soluble part of the incineration residue, i.e. that part of the ignition residue obtained after incineration that is soluble in hydrochloric acid. If the residue is completely soluble, the result obtained by the procedure specified in ISO 777:2005 is taken as the total amount of calcium in the sample.
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| ISO 778:2005 |
Paper, board and pulp -- Determination of acid-soluble copper
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Abstract: ISO 778:2005 specifies the procedure for the determination of acid-soluble copper by atomic absorption spectrometry or by plasma emission spectrometry.
It is applicable to all types of paper, board and pulp.
It specifies a method to determine the acid-soluble part of the incineration residue, i.e. that part of the ignition residue obtained after incineration which is soluble in hydrochloric acid. If the residue is completely soluble, the result obtained by the procedure specified in ISO 778:2005 is taken as the total amount of copper in the sample. The limit of determination is normally 0,1 mg/kg of paper, board or pulp, but it depends on the spectrometer used.
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| ISO 779:2005 |
Paper, board and pulp -- Determination of acid-soluble iron
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Abstract: ISO 779:2005 specifies the procedure for the determination of acid-soluble iron by atomic absorption spectrometry or by plasma emission spectrometry.
It is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulp.
It specifies a method to determine the acid-soluble part of the incineration residue, i.e. that part of the ignition residue obtained after incineration which is soluble in hydrochloric acid. If the residue is completely soluble, the result obtained by the procedure specified in ISO 779:2005 is taken as the total amount of iron in the sample.
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| ISO 1830:2005 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of acid-soluble manganese
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Abstract: ISO1830:2005 specifies the procedure for the determination of acid-soluble manganese by flame atomic absorption spectrometry or by plasma emission spectroscopy.
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| ISO 1924-2:1994 |
Paper and board -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 2: Constant rate of elongation method
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Abstract: Cancels and replaces the first edition (1985). Specifies a method of measuring the tensile strength, stretch at break and tensile energy absorption of paper and board using a test instrument operating at a constant rate of elongation. Also specifies methods for calculating the tensile index, the tensile energy absorption index and the modulus of elasticity. Applies to all papers and boards, including papers with a high stretch at break if the results are within the capacity of the test instrument. Also applies to the components of corrugated board but not, however, to corrugated board itself.
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| ISO 1924-3:2005 |
Paper and board -- Determination of tensile properties -- Part 3: Constant rate of elongation method (100 mm/min)
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Abstract: ISO 1924-3:2005 specifies a method for measuring the tensile strength, strain at break, tensile energy absorption and tensile stiffness, using a testing machine operating with a constant rate of elongation (100 mm/min). ISO 1924-3:2005 also specifies equations for calculating the tensile index, the tensile energy absorption index, the tensile stiffness index and the modulus of elasticity.
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| ISO 1974:1990 |
Paper -- Determination of tearing resistance (Elmendorf method)
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Abstract: It can also be used for light boards if the tearing resistance is within the range of the instrument, does not apply to corrugated fibreboard and is not suitable for determining the cross-direction tearing resistance of highly directional paper or board.
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| ISO 2144:1997 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of residue (ash) on ignition at 900 degrees C
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 2469:1994 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Measurement of diffuse reflectance factor
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Abstract: Cancels and replaces the second edition (1977). Specifies the equipment for measuring the diffuse reflectance factor of pulp, paper and board and the procedures for calibrating that equipment. Measurements are used for the evaluation of optical properties such as diffuse blue reflectance factor, the scattering coefficient of pulp, opacity, whiteness, luminous reflectance factor, the chromaticity coordinates of paper and the intrinsic reflectance factor of non-fibrous materials. Numerical values optically characterizing the materials are calculated specifically for each property determined.
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| ISO 2470:1999 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Measurement of diffuse blue reflectance factor (ISO brightness)
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 2471:1998 |
Paper and board -- Determination of opacity (paper backing) -- Diffuse reflectance method
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 2493:1992 |
Paper and board -- Determination of resistance to bending
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Abstract: Applies to the measurement of the resistance to bending within the range 20 mN to 10 000 mN, but on some instruments down to about 2 mN. Does not apply to corrugated boards but may be applied to the components of such boards. The method is based on the beam principle and is applicable only to instruments which use a bending angle of 7,5° or 15°.
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| ISO 2528:1995 |
Sheet materials -- Determination of water vapour transmission rate -- Gravimetric (dish) method
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Abstract: Specifies a method for the determination of the water vapour transmission rate of sheet materials. Not applicable to film materials that are damaged by hot wax or that shrink under the test conditions. Cancels and replaces the first edition, which has been technically revised.
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| ISO 2758:2001 |
Paper -- Determination of bursting strength
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 2759:2001 |
Board -- Determination of bursting strength
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 3034:1975 |
Corrugated fibreboard -- Determination of thickness
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 3035:1982 |
Single-faced and single-wall corrugated fibreboard -- Determination of flat crush resistance
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Abstract: Is applicable to corrugated fibreboard used in the manufacture of packing cases, and is not applicable to double-wall (double-double-faced) corrugated fibreboard.
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| ISO 3036:1975 |
Board -- Determination of puncture resistance
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 3037:2007 |
Corrugated fibreboard -- Determination of edgewise crush resistance (unwaxed edge method)
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Abstract: ISO 3037: 2007 specifies an unwaxed edge method for the determination of the edgewise crush resistance of corrugated fibreboard. It is applicable to all corrugated fibreboard grades.
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| ISO 3038:1975 |
Corrugated fibreboard -- Determination of the water resistance of the glue bond by immersion
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Abstract: Is applicable to all types of corrugated fibreboards and in particular to fibreboards in which a high degree of resistance to wet conditions is required. Sampling shall be carried out according to ISO/R 186.
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| ISO 3039:1975 |
Corrugated fibreboard -- Determination of the grammage of the component papers after separation
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Abstract: Refers to the grammage of the individual papers form which corrugated fibreboard has been made, and is applicable to all types of corrugated fibreboard. Sampling shall be according to ISO/R 186, conditioning according to ISO 187 and the determination of grammage according to ISO 536.
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| ISO 3689:1983 |
Paper and board -- Determination of bursting strength after immersion in water
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Abstract: Is applicable to most kinds of paper and board, provided that an appropriate immerson time is agreed between the interested parties. Different results may be found if the sample is re-tested after a period of time.
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| ISO 3781:1983 |
Paper and board -- Determination of tensile strength after immersion in water
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Abstract: Is applicable to board as well as to paper, provided that an apropriate soaking time is agreed between the interested parties. Sampling shall be according to ISO 186, conditioning according to ISO 187 and the determination of tensile strength according to ISO 536.
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| ISO 3783:2006 |
Paper and board -- Determination of resistance to picking -- Accelerated speed method using the IGT-type tester (electric model)
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Abstract: ISO 3783:2006 specifies an accelerated speed method for determining the surface strength in terms of the pick velocity and pick resistance of coated and uncoated paper and board, and in terms of the delamination resistance of the liner on paperboard, by simulating the behaviour in the printing process. Because of the limited area tested and the general character of the test, it will not usually detect local imperfections such as surface debris.
This test is especially important for papers and boards which are to be printed in lithographic offset or letterpress, because the inks used in these techniques traditionally have a high viscosity and high tack values. Due to the increasing tendency for the tack and viscosity of modern flexographic inks to be high, this method is also useful in that field.
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| ISO 4094:2005 |
Paper, board and pulps -- International calibration of testing apparatus -- Nomination and acceptance of standardizing and authorized laboratories
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Abstract: ISO 4094:2005 provides rules for the nomination and appointment of standardizing and authorized laboratories under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 6, or one of its subcommittees, with the aim of establishing and maintaining the reference standards and distributing the transfer standards required to achieve interlaboratory agreement in the results of a test method specified in an International Standard for paper, board or pulp. It provides guidelines for the establishment of criteria for the initial appointment and continued acceptance of nominated laboratories.
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| ISO 5626:1993 |
Paper -- Determination of folding endurance
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Abstract: Specifies the methods for the determination of folding endurance of paper using Köhler-Molin, Lhomargy, MIT and Schopper testers. The principle of the methods is folding backwards and forwards in a standardized manner of a narrow strip of paper subjected to a longitudinal stress, until it breaks. The Köhler-Molin, Lhomargy and Schopper methods are applicable to paper of thicknesses up to 0,25 mm thick and having a tensile strength greater than 1,33 kN/m. The MIT tester has interchangeable folding heads allowing a range of thicknesses up to 1,25 mm.
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| ISO 5627:1995 |
Paper and board -- Determination of smoothness (Bekk method)
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Abstract: Cancels and replaces the first edition (1984). Specifies a method of measuring the smoothness of paper and board, called the Bekk method. Especially recommended for smooth paper and boards. However for very smooth samples, measurement times may be impractically long. Not recommended for materials greater than 0,5 mm thick or very permeable papers and board, since the amount of air passing through the test piece can influence the result. Not recommended for newsprint and not suitable for rough papers and boards.
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| ISO 5628:1990 |
Paper and board -- Determination of bending stiffness by static methods -- General principles
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Abstract: Specifies the general principles to be observed in the preparation of test methods for determining the bending stiffness of all types of paper and board using static methods, by applying line loading to which the mass of the test piece makes negligible contribution. In detail, it describes principle, apparatus, limitations on use of instruments, sampling, conditioning, preparation of test pieces, procedure, expression of results, test report.
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| ISO 5629:1983 |
Paper and board -- Determination of bending stiffness -- Resonance method
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Abstract: Applies to a wide range of papers and boards, but for some materials, such as multi-ply papers and boards, papers and boards with appreciable curl, some soft papers with grammage below about 40 g/m , the measured numerical value may not be strictly identical with the bending stiffness. It does not apply to corrugated boards.
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| ISO 5630-1:1991 |
Paper and board -- Accelerated ageing -- Part 1: Dry heat treatment at 105 degrees C
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Abstract: Specifies a method by dry heat treatment at 105 °C. Is not applicable to certain high purity papers such as are used for insulation in electrical equipment for which ISO 5630-4 is more suitable. Does not give any preference for the test to be made. It is left to the parties concerned to determine which tests are appropriate for the type being evaluated.
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| ISO 5630-3:1996 |
Paper and board -- Accelerated ageing -- Part 3: Moist heat treatment at 80 degrees C and 65 % relative humidity
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Abstract: Specifies a procedure for moist heat treatment of paper or board. This method concerns printing and writing papers, but may be used with discretion for other types of paper and board. Not applicable to certain electrical insulating papers. Replaces the first edition.
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| ISO 5630-4:1986 |
Paper and board -- Accelerated ageing -- Part 4: Dry heat treatment at 120 or 150 degrees C
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Abstract: Is primarily intended for high purity papers such as are used for insulation in electrical equipment, and does not contain any statement about the tests to be made on the paper. It is left to the parties concerned to determine which tests are appropriate for the type of paper being evaluted.
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| ISO 5631:2000 |
Paper and board -- Determination of colour (C/2 degrees) -- Diffuse reflectance method
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 5633:1983 |
Paper and board -- Determination of resistance to water penetration
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Abstract: Is applicable to papers and boards which have been rendered water resistant or waterproof by internal sizing, by surface sizing, by coating, or by lamination using waterproof laminants , or by any other method, and is not suitable for corrugated fibreboard by may be applied to components of such board.
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| ISO 5635:1978 |
Paper -- Measurement of dimensional change after immersion in water
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Abstract: Is suitable for use with most kinds of paper. However, it may not be suitable for some papers, which soaking makes extremely fragile and causes to curl excessively. The property of dimensional change after immersion in water should not be cofused with hydroexpansivity.
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| ISO 5636-1:1984 |
Paper and board -- Determination of air permeance (medium range) -- Part 1: General method
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Abstract: Specfies basic requirements for apperatus and general operating procedures for determining the air permeance of paper and board in the medium air permeance range, and is applicable to papers and boards having air permeances between 1 x 10- and 1 x 10 m/(Pa.s), being unsuitable for rough-surface papers such as creped and corrugared papers, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage.
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| ISO 5636-3:1992 |
Paper and board -- Determination of air permeance (medium range) -- Part 3: Bendtsen method
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Abstract: The method determines air permeance in the medium range. It is applicable to papers and boards having air permeance between 0,35 µm/(Pa·s) und 15 µm/(Pa·s). It is unsuitable for rough surfaced papers and boards, such as creped and corrugated papers, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage. Annex A considers maintenance of Bendtsen testers, Annex B calibration of capillary tubes and variable area flowmeters.
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| ISO 5636-4:2005 |
Paper and board -- Determination of air permeance (medium range) -- Part 4: Sheffield method
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Abstract: ISO 5636-4:2005 specifies a method of determining the air flow rate through unit area of a sheet of paper or board, under unit pressure difference using apparatus called the Sheffield instrument.
The method is applicable to papers and boards having air permeances between 0,02 micrometres per pascal second and 25 micrometres per pascal second. The method is not suitable for papers and boards with a rough surface, such as crêpe paper and corrugated papers, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid surface leakage.
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| ISO 5636-5:2003 |
Paper and board -- Determination of air permeance and air resistance (medium range) -- Part 5: Gurley method
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Abstract: ISO 5636-5:2003 specifies the Gurley method of determining the air permeance of paper and board. It is applicable to papers and boards which have air permeances between 0,1 micrometres per pascal second and 100 micrometres per pascal second. It is unsuitable for rough-surfaced materials, which cannot be securely clamped to avoid leakage.
This method may also be used to determine the air resistance of paper and board.
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| ISO 5637:1989 |
Paper and board -- Determination of water absorption after immersion in water
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Abstract: Is applicable to all types of paper and board which have a degree of water resistance, and it is not applicable to very absorbent papers such as toilet tissue.
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| ISO 5638:1978 |
Solid fibreboard -- Determination of grammage of single layers
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Abstract: Applies to single layers of glued and laminated solid fibreboard and is applicable to all types of solid fibreboard as defined in ISO 4046, provided that the adhesive dessolves under the conditions specified for the test.
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| ISO 5647:1990 |
Paper and board -- Determination of titanium dioxide content
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Abstract: Specifies a method for determining titanium dioxide content in all kinds of paper and board, in particular coated or filled products. It comprises two procedures for the final determination of titanium based on spectrophotometry and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, respectively. The limits of determination depend on the amount of sample taken. Titanium present in other forms will not interfere in the determination.
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| ISO 6587:1992 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of conductivity of aqueous extracts
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Abstract: The method described is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulps, except for papers used for electrical purposes. For high purity papers used for electrical purposes, the method used should be that given in IEC 554-2. Conductivity is measured by means of a conductivity meter or resistance bridge, using alternating current.
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| ISO 6588-1:2005 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of pH of aqueous extracts -- Part 1: Cold extraction
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Abstract: ISO 6588-1:2005 specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by cold water from a sample of paper, board or pulp.
ISO 6588-1:2005 is applicable to all types of paper, board and pulp.
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| ISO 6588-2:2005 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of pH of aqueous extracts -- Part 2: Hot extraction
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Abstract: ISO 6588-2:2005 specifies a method for the determination of the pH-value defined by the electrolytes extractable by hot water from a sample of paper, board or pulp.
ISO 6588-2:2005 is applicable to all kinds of paper, board and pulp.
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| ISO 7263:1994 |
Corrugating medium -- Determination of the flat crush resistance after laboratory fluting
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Abstract: Cancels and replaces the first edition (1985). Specifies two methods for the determination of the flat crush resistance of corrugating medium after laboratory fluting. The procedures are applicable to any paper intended to be used, after fluting, in the manufacture of corrugated fibreboard.
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| ISO 8226-1:1994 |
Paper and board -- Measurement of hygroexpansivity -- Part 1: Hygroexpansivity up to a maximum relative humidity of 68 %
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Abstract: Cancels and replaces the first edition (1985). Specifies a method for the determination of the hygroexpansivity of paper and board when subjected to a change in the relative humidity. Applicable to paper and board generally. Not suitable for crêpe papers and corrugated fibreboard.
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| ISO 8226-2:1990 |
Paper and board -- Measurement of hygroexpansivity -- Part 2: Hygroexpansivity up to a maximum relative humidity of 86 %
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Abstract: This part specifies a method for the determination of hygroexpansivity when the paper or board is subjected to a change in the relative humidity with which it is in equilibrium from (33 2) % to (84 2) %. The purpose is to cover applications of paper and board intended to be used in high humidity conditions. It may also be useful in determining the effect of excessive moisture to which paper may be subjected for short periods during some printing processes. The method is generally applicable. However, it is not suitable for cr pe papers and corrugated fibreboard.
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| ISO 8254-1:1999 |
Paper and board -- Measurement of specular gloss -- Part 1: 75 degree gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 8254-2:2003 |
Paper and board -- Measurement of specular gloss -- Part 2: 75 degree gloss with a parallel beam, DIN method
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Abstract: ISO 8254-2:2003 specifies a photometric test method for the assessment of visual gloss by means of a reflectometer value measured at an angle of 75 degrees. It is applicable to plane paper and board surfaces of low gloss, commonly called matt papers and boards having reflectance values, measured according to ISO 8254-2:2003, between 0 and approximately 20. Materials containing optical brightening agents may be measured.
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| ISO 8254-3:2004 |
Paper and board -- Measurement of specular gloss -- Part 3: 20 degree gloss with a converging beam, TAPPI method
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Abstract: ISO 8254-3:2004 specifies a method for measuring the specular gloss of paper and board at an angle of 20° to the normal to the paper surface. It is applicable chiefly to highly glossy surfaces, such as cast-coated, lacquered, highly varnished or waxed papers and high-gloss ink films.
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| ISO 8784-1:2005 |
Pulp, paper and board -- Microbiological examination -- Part 1: Total count of bacteria, yeast and mould based on disintegration
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Abstract: ISO 8784-1:2005 specifies a method for determining the total number of colony-forming units of bacteria, yeast and moulds in dry market pulp, paper and paperboard after disintegration. The enumeration relates to specific media.
ISO 8784-1:2005 is applicable to most kinds of paper and paperboard, especially those grades intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
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| ISO 8787:1986 |
Paper and board -- Determination of capillary rise -- Klemm method
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Abstract: Is intended for unsized papers such as blotting papers and other papers having a relatively high water absorbency, and is not recommended for materials having a cappillary rise of less than 5 mm, for which tests such as per ISO 535 may be more suitable.
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| ISO 8791-1:1986 |
Paper and board -- Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) -- Part 1: General method
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Abstract: Is applicable to most paper and board, and is not applicable to embossed or creped papers, or papers which will not lie flat under the conditions of test, or high air permeance papers which allow a significiant flow of air through the sheet. The Gurley instrument is excluded from this method.
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| ISO 8791-2:1990 |
Paper and board -- Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) -- Part 2: Bendtsen method
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 8791-3:2005 |
Paper and board -- Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) -- Part 3: Sheffield method
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Abstract: ISO 8791-3:2005 specifies a method for the determination of the roughness of paper and board using the Sheffield apparatus.
The method is applicable to papers and boards which have Sheffield roughness values between 10 and about 3 000 ml per min. It is not suitable for soft papers which allow the lands of the test head to indent the surface, or for high air-permeance papers which allow a significant flow of air through the sheet, or for papers which will not lie flat during the test.
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| ISO 8791-4:1992 |
Paper and board -- Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) -- Part 4: Print-surf method
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Abstract: Should be read in conjunction with ISO 8791-1. Applicable to all printing papers and boards with which it is possible to form a substantially airtight seal against the guard lands of the measuring head. Annex A gives a method of calculation of roughness, Annex B specifies maintenance of the roughness testers, Annex D its calibration against ISO reference standards.
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| ISO 9184-1:1990 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Fibre furnish analysis -- Part 1: General method
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Abstract: This part specifies the general performance of the test for fibre furnish analysis. It is applicable to all kinds of pulps and to most papers and boards, including those containing more than one kind of fibre, taking into account different pulping processes. This method is less suitable for heavily impregnated or highly coloured papers and boards. The standard describes in detail: principle, reagents, apparatus, preparation of the test piece, staining and preparation of fibre slides, test procedure, quantitative analysis, expression of results, test report.
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| ISO 9184-2:1990 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Fibre furnish analysis -- Part 2: Staining guide
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Abstract: This part is a guide for choosing the appropriate staining tests for the performance of fibre furnish analysis of paper, board and pulps given in a table.
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| ISO 9184-3:1990 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Fibre furnish analysis -- Part 3: Herzberg staining test
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Abstract: This part specifies the preparation, use and colour reactions of Herzberg stain. It should be used in conjunction with ISO 9184-1 and, if necessary, with other staining tests defined in ISO 9184-2. The Herzberg staining test is applicable to the qualitative and quantitative differentiation between chemical, mechanical and rag pulps. The stain also permits the qualitative identification of semi-chemical pulp as well as the differentiation between regenerated cellulose fibres (viscose, etc.) and synthetic fibres.
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| ISO 9184-4:1990 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Fibre furnish analysis -- Part 4: Graff "C" staining test
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Abstract: This part specifies the preparation, use and colour reactions of Graff "C" stain. It should be used in conjunction with ISO 9184-1 and, if necessary, with other staining tests defined in ISO 9184-2. Graff "C" stain allows the identification of almost all the common papermaking fibres. However, this calls for a great deal of training and experience. Thus, main applications are: differentiation of chemical, semi-chemical and mechanical pulps, differentiation of kraft and sulfite in hardwood pulps, differentiation of softwood and hardwood pulps (except dissolving grade pulps), differentiation of bleached straw and esparto pulps in softwood pulps.
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| ISO 9184-5:1990 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Fibre furnish analysis -- Part 5: Lofton-Merritt staining test (modification of Wisbar)
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Abstract: This part specifies the preparation, use and colour reactions of Lofton-Merritt stain. It should be used in conjunction with ISO 9184-1 and, if necessary, with other staining tests defined in ISO 9184-2. The Lofton-Merritt staining test is applicable to the qualitative and quantitative differentiation of unbleached and bleached softwood chemical pulps, unbleached kraft and sulfite in softwood pulps, unbleached semi-chemical kraft and sulfite pulps.
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| ISO 9184-6:1994 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Fibre furnish analysis -- Part 6: Determination of fibre coarseness
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Abstract: Specifies a method for determining fibre coarseness (which is a fibre property characterizing pulp): distribution of a known mass of fibres evenly over a known area, counting the number of fibre crossings along a line of known length on a microscope slide. The weight factor can be calculated from the fibre coarseness. The method is applicable to pulps with relatively intact fibres, such as chemical and semichemical pulps. Does not apply to mechanical and semimechanical pulps or highly beaten chemical or semichemical pulps.
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| ISO 9184-7:1994 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Fibre furnish analysis -- Part 7: Determination of weight factor
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Abstract: Specifies two methods for determining the weight factor of fibres used in the fibre furnish analysis of paper, board and pulp: by comparison with a reference pulp (any pulp that contains only one type of well-defined fibre - mechanical pulps and beaten pulps are unsuitable, and whose weight factor is known) or by calculating from the fibre coarseness. The methods are applicable to all kinds of fibres of pulp from unmixed wood species which do not contain more than 5% of other fibres with an essentially different weight factor.
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| ISO 9197:2006 |
Paper, board and pulps -- Determination of water-soluble chlorides
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Abstract: ISO 9197:2006 specifies a method for the determination of water-soluble chlorides in all types of paper, board and pulp. The lower limit of the determination is 20 mg of chloride ion per kilogram of dry sample.
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| ISO 9198:2001 |
Paper, board and pulp -- Determination of water-soluble sulfates
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 9416:1998 |
Paper -- Determination of light scattering and absorption coefficients (using Kubelka-Munk theory)
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Abstract: No abstract available
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| ISO 9706:1994 |
Information and documentation -- Paper for documents -- Requirements for permanence
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Abstract: Specifies the requirements for permanent paper intended for documents given in terms of minimum strength measured by a tear test, minimum content of substance (such as calcium carbonate) that neutralize acid action measured by the alkali reserve, maximum content of easily oxidized material measured by the kappa number, maximum and minimum pH values of a cold water extract of the paper. Is applicable to unprinted papers. Is not applicable to boards.
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| ISO 9895:1989 |
Paper and board -- Compressive strength -- Short span test
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Abstract: Specifies a method for the determination of the compressive strength in the machine and cross directions of paper and board using a short span compression tester. Applies to papers and boards used for the manufacture of containers and boxes. May also be used for laboratory sheets prepared for the testing of pulp.
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| ISO 9932:1990 |
Paper and board -- Determination of water vapour transmission rate of sheet materials -- Dynamic sweep and static gas methods
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Abstract: Depending on the method and specific apparatus employed, materials up to 38 mm thick and with water vapour transmission rates in the range 0,05 g/(m^2.d) to 65 g/(m^2.d) can be tested. The basis of the function of the instrumental techniques is briefly described. Advice on calibration is given in annex B. Specifies principle, apparatus, sampling, preparation of test pieces, procedure, expression of results, precision and test report.
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| ISO 10716:1994 |
Paper and board -- Determination of alkali reserve
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Abstract: Describes a method for the determination of the alkali reserve of papers and boards. Intended for products that contain alkaline pigments or other alkaline material, added in order to improve their resistance to acid attack. Not applicable to laminated, printed or otherwise processed grades that will not disintegrate completely by the procedure described.
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